Refused credit mortgages set to “grow and grow”
14/08/2006 16:25:00
The sub-prime and near-prime mortgage market is tipped to grow and grow following new research.
A survey commissioned by Alliance & Leicester indicates greater demand for refused credit mortgages could be forthcoming, with four in five brokers expecting the market to grow.
The top reasons for borrowers to seek out a sub-prime or near-prime market are defaulting on debts or credit cards payments or simply having a bad credit rating, the research found.
Figures indicate that Britons are increasingly struggling to manager existing debts, suggesting that the potential market for sub-prime mortgages could swell.
Around two lenders in five report that the typical sub-prime customer is likely to be struggling financially, with many on a low income.
More than 85 per cent of brokers also report that customers are now realising that a sub or near prime mortgage can help rebuild a poor credit score.
Mehrdad Yousefi, head of intermediary mortgages at Alliance & Leicester, said: This market is becoming increasingly competitive with more lenders offering these specialised mortgages.
It is encouraging to see that brokers say their clients know the value of these type of mortgages and that it is a good way of getting potential buyers on the housing ladder while enabling them to repair their credit history by maintaining regular payments on their financial commitments.
Datamonitor estimates that 9.1 million people were refused credit by mainstream lenders in 2005, further indicative of potential growth in the refused credit mortgage market.
Personal debt has already crossed the £1 trillion barrier and the rising insolvency rate suggests that borrowers are struggling to cope, indicating a growing demand for refused-credit mortgages in the future.
As traditional lenders were tightening their criteria, the refused credit market could prove ever more attractive and other high street lenders were also likely to start catering for those with a ’slightly lower credit profile’.
As more lenders capitalise on this growing market, the increased competition could see better deals for mortgage holders.

The field of architectural technology has advanced quite rapidly during the past several years. The new developments in alternative building techniques tend to make traditional methods obsolete. It is therefore an immerse responsibility for architects to keep up with recent developments, to gather information effectively, to investigate alternative building techniques and to embrace a broad vision towards the future. Today the challenges that lie ahead of us are not only the concerns of cost, time or workmanship in building constructions, but also construction debris that makes up almost half the total municipal waste stream according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports. An article in Architecture Magazine, Gina Goldstein in her article named, Waste not, Want not, stated “The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports the gritty truth: Constructing, renovating, and tearing down residential and commercial buildings in this country produced almost 136 million tons of waste in 1996, the equivalent of 2.8 pounds per person per day. Despite increased recycling, most of the debris still winds up in landfills, where its sheer volume imposes an enormous environmental burden.”

If the current trend continues, we will spend more time and money to clean up the construction debris than building our future environment. In other countries, efforts for recycling building had already begun. In Portland, Oregon, 92 percent of the Portland Trail Blazers basketball Arena was recycled. One of the more traditional strategies involving recycle is to maximize the reuse of the building materials. In Europe, EPR laws require companies to take back and recycle the building products. At the present time deconstruction costs little more than the traditional demolition; however the cost difference will soon to be changed when contractors gain experience and the market for recycled building materials grows. In the United States, there are currently no such laws to force the building industry to practice techniques for disassembly. It will not be hard to imagine in the near future that private industry may be forced to change current building practices, when the landfills over flow and there are increases in charges for waste dumping. The key to all these problems is to design recycled architecture or green architecture. The design of recycled architecture begins from simple disassembled screws rather than permanent nail, uses of recycled materials to the design of recycled construction systems. Every designer wishes his or her designs could last forever; however most of these buildings will not even outlast a man’s lifetime. The effort to reduce our construction debris begins with a design concept in the environmental protection. The building has to design for disassembly in the preliminary design stage rather than waiting till its demolition. In most architecture schools today, the education often focuses more in the construction of the building rather than deconstruction of the building. With recycling in mind, a slight modification of our current building practices and school curriculum will lead our next generation to a better life.

The importance of the material technologies in building systems is previously described. It is essential for architects to learn the properties of the basic materials- their strength and weakness in building systems; however the curriculum should not exclude new materials in building systems such as plastic, paper, hybrid composite materials, shape memory alloys, and piezoelectric cells in anti-earthquake superstructure designs. Plastic is the product of the late twentieth century. While it’s usage and influence are growing rapidly in many industries, plastics comprise less than one percent of the total tonnage of construction materials used in the United States. The new carbon-fibre time trial bicycle (developed by Lotus Engineering and ridden by English cyclist Chris Boardman) wouldn’t have won a gold-medal if bicycle designers had not used carbon-fiber tubing to build its ultra-light frame. Diaphanous plastic bubbles floating at the every edge of the atmosphere may one day take the place of more expensive (metal-made) satellites and conventional spacecraft. The material scientists have now chemically stitched molecules together into polymer sheets, and this new plastic material lasts much longer than other types of polymers now used for the same purpose. What do these technological/material discoveries mean for architecture? To begin with, they mean that some of the fatal disadvantages of plastic such as its durability now can be conquered. Polymer science is advancing rapidly. Plastic now can be used in structural framing. New discoveries are announced weekly in scientific journals.

Shape memory alloys are metal alloys which when conducted by heat and electricity will modify into different shapes and properties. This special quality of shaped memory alloys is great for structures to prevent damages in earthquake. Other technology includes piezoelectric structural material that can dampen vibration range from the sway of a building to the vibration of an air conditioning unit. By significantly reducing the vibrations found in the building we can reduce the wear and tear placed in structural components. These are few examples of the new building materials for building industry. The new building materials are not only supplanting older materials for many conventional applications; they are also recyclable and stimulating architects to innovate new types of structures and to experiment with architectural designs. The alternative construction systems should also take into considerations, such as prefabrication in wall panel systems, tilt concrete wall system, and lift slab construction…etc. The works of Buckminster Fuller and others are alternative choices for building constructions, and expected to work well under some situations. The 21st century architect should involve a broad spectrum of new building materials and new construction systems. The awareness of such advancements pushes forward the wheel of the evolution in architectural technologies.

In the past few years, the price of a personal computer has dropped considerably. Computer is reaching every households of the world. More than seventy millions of people in the United States ’surf’ the Internet. The computer has touched yet another territory of our humanity- our shelter. Intelligent building is not mere science fiction, but a current new building system practice. Intelligent building uses a highly integrated computer technology to make heating, cooling, lighting, communications and every familiar aspect of our shelter more convenient and efficient. The study of intelligent buildings commences from the automated system management, case study, and the design to the implementation. The study of TRON building or Gate’s house, failure or success (it remains to be seeing), will greatly prepare us to the next century where a more fierce technology evolution will anticipate to take a place. An effective education in architectural technologies brings forward a new vision to our future. The automation in building systems is part of that vision, which requires further research, development, and study.

As architects of the 21st century, there is always a two-fold concern with architecture demonstrated by the previous history of mankind. The first is the philosophical and artistic point of view, which addresses architecture as an aesthetic form. The second is the architectural technologies and engineering point of view, which acknowledges structure as a built form. This is the two-fold nature of architecture; architectural technologies should assist architects to design a better-built environment. Architects must fully and quickly digest the new information in order to pass it on to their students to learn, to expand, and to mold it into a working technique. There are also some qualities of construction materials that should be noted by architects/engineers, including their colors, smells, sounds, and textures, which can never be adequately delineated by drawing. The benefits of alternative building techniques take on a simple approach that reflects on the constant evolution of our humanity. Our future still lies in the past and the present; thus, without the past and the present there is no future.

If you look at the most stressful events in a person’s life, buying a home is on the top ten list. After all, it’s a big decision – both emotionally and financially. Many home buyers go through an anxious period after they’ve arranged for their mortgage and get ready to move into their new home. Knowing you’ll get a pocketful of cash would sure help, wouldn’t it?

That’s a big part of the attraction of cash-back mortgages. A plump cheque is a psychological boost to home buyers who have just made one of the biggest financial commitments of their lives. As mortgage brokers, we like to work with our clients to ensure that they look beyond the temporary “feel good” of the cash, and weigh their options wisely.

Remember that the cash-back option comes with a trade-off: if you choose not to take the cash back, you can get a lower interest rate. Over time, you could see substantial savings in interest payments.

So, start with the most important question: What will the cash be used for? Is this purchase a priority, and is it worth the difference in the rate? Perhaps you have a plan to take advantage of the cash-back to purchase the household appliances for your new home. The extra $3,000 for new kitchen or laundry appliances may be an urgent immediate need and a higher priority overall than the lower interest rate for your mortgage term.

But here is the second question to discuss with your mortgage broker: What will be the impact of the rate difference over time? You’ll need real-life figures to work out the details for your personal situation, but let’s look at an example*:

Let’s say that your cash-back option pays 1% of the mortgage amount on a two-year deal, 3% on five years, and 5% cash back on a ten-year closed mortgage. And let’s assume that you’re looking at borrowing $100,000 for a 5-year term, amortized over 25 years. Not long ago, you might be looking at the difference between cash back and a rate of 6.60%, or a discounted interest rate of 5.29%.

So what’s the bottom line? Your cash-back option would give you $3,000 up-front, but over your 5-year term, you would pay a little over $6,300 more in interest costs than you would have with the discounted rate. The exact cost of the cash-back option in this example is $3,330.44 – paid out over 5 years.

Is that a good deal? It depends. Did you get the much-needed appliances for your home… or use the funds to manage a high-priority expense? Then you probably got good value from the option. If – five years later – you can’t remember where the money went, then perhaps you didn’t make the best trade-off.

Foreclosure filings were reported on 2.3 million U.S. properties in 2008, an increase of 81 percent from 2007 and up 225 percent from 2006, according to the RealtyTrac U.S. Foreclosure Market Report released January 15, 2009. The soaring number of forclosures have sent ripples through the housing and banking industry with the affects being felt by millions.

According to RealtyTrac, California, Florida, Arizona posted the highest 2008 foreclosure totals. A total of 523,624 California properties received a foreclosure filing in 2008, the nationâ??s highest state total. Foreclosure activity in the state increased nearly 110 percent from 2007 and nearly 498 percent from 2006. With 385,309 properties receiving a foreclosure filing in 2008, Florida documented the second highest state total. Florida foreclosure activity increased 133 percent from 2007 and nearly 412 percent from 2006. Arizonaâ??s 2008 total of 116,911 properties receiving a foreclosure filing was third highest among the states. Foreclosure activity in Arizona increased 203 percent from 2007 and 655 percent from 2006. Other states with Top 10 totals for 2008 were Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Texas, Georgia, Nevada and New Jersey.

With mounting job losses and a weakening economy, forclosures and mortgage delinquencies are expected to continue to rise. The nationâ??s unemployment rate shot up at the end of the year, reaching 7.2 percent in December â?? its highest level since early 1993, according to a Labor Department report release January 9, 2009. That puts U.S. job losses at 2.6 million for 2008.

However, with all this doom and gloom in the housing market, there is a glimmer of hope for senior homeowners 62 years of age and older. That hope comes in the form of a HUD Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) or Reverse Mortgage. Those who have obtained a reverse mortgage need not be concerned with the increasing forclosure rates and whether or not they can make their mortgage payments. With a HECM reverse mortgage, there are no monthly payments required. 

Borrowers remain in their homes for life and never have to worry about making a mortgage payment again. All they need to do is keep the property in good repair, pay their property taxes and keep their homeowners insurance current and paid. 

For seniors who currently do not have a reverse mortgage, now may be the time to explore the option. It does not matter if a senior is currently late on their mortgage. They may still qualify for a reverse mortgage. To qualify all borrowers on title must be 62 years or older, occupy the property as their primary residence and not currently be in a bankruptcy. Thatâ??s it! 

MLS Reverse Mortgage has helped save several seniors who were months away from losing their homes. 

So, in these tough economic times, there is still hope for seniors looking for mortgage payment relief or cash out to enjoy lifeâ??s pleasures.

Learn more online: http://www.mlsreversemortgage.com

What if there was such a thing as a magic card that you could carry with you, which had the power to open doors for you all over the world? You show someone your magic card and ‘voila’, you can have what you wish for. You would want to protect that card very carefully, wouldn’t you? Your credit is a little like that. Your good credit is a passport to financial opportunities. A poor credit rating can be a terrible obstacle… and repairing your credit is often a slow and difficult process.

What you may not know is that you can actually use an Ontario mortgage to re-establish your credit. Canadians are carrying heavier loads of personal debt than ever before. For some, the cost of servicing those debts is itself an obstacle to correcting the problem. Each month can be a chase to make the interest payments to keep the debt afloat. But if debts are rolled into a new mortgage, your credit can improve rapidly, assuming of course that you don’t rack up any new debts!Here’s how it works:

Perhaps you have maximized your credit cards – and maybe even have a short-term loan or line of credit that you are also trying to pay down in addition to your regular mortgage payments. You may be considered a “high risk” borrower under these circumstances, even if you are managing to squeeze out your payments each month. Your overall payment history is satisfactory, but your debt load is heavy. If you consolidate your debts into a new mortgage, you can better manage those debts while also restoring your credit rating.

You may not have considered using a mortgage to refinance and manage your debts, but there are a few significant advantages. Your status as a homeowner can give you access to a lower overall borrowing rate. A house is considered very reliable security, so mortgages often offer the best rates available anywhere. In addition, your credit history enjoys an almost immediate boost, as you begin to make your monthly payments. There are many innovative mortgage options available today, including a new mortgage product that has been designed specifically as a credit repair tool.

This specialized mortgage is good news for clients who are trying to distance themselves from their past credit problems. Debt is controlled quickly – since the new mortgage offers an interest rate lower than credit cards that can dramatically reduce the interest charges on your debt — and your credit typically improves in only a few months.

You probably already know that it makes sense to consolidate your debt into one payment. You can generally enjoy substantial savings on interest charges; you have a more manageable monthly payment and better monthly cash flow. Consider how a new mortgage can help you manage your debts – and make it a goal this year to improve your credit rating.

Global warming refers to “the warming of the earth’s surface around the world, based on documented information on the temperature that has been maintained by humans since 1880″ (Nodvin, S. 2008).

There has been an increase in the news referring to Global Warming, March 27, 2008 the world woke up with a shocking event: the detachment of an ice sheet measuring 41 km by 2.5 km in Antarctica. Scientists argue that climate change is responsible for the rapid collapse of the ice cap that was detaching since the month of February, but global warming affects not only the polar icecaps, but also the fauna of tropical ecosystems, as this type of species “live to the limit of their maximum temperature, a slight increase in temperature is lethal” (Tewksbury, quoted by J. Tristan, R. 2008). Facts like these remind us that global warming is no longer an unknown subject and has become a problem that is part of our everyday life.

Despite the constant bombardment of the media with news regarding this issue, we are not fully informed about the factors of global warming, in fact, it is believed that cars are the largest producers of the negative impact to the environment; however, there is an even more damaging one: Buildings. These static works of construction are part of our daily lives, most of our work is mainly done within them, we spend 90% of our life in confined spaces and the concentration of population is much greater in these spaces than out of them (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003. Quoted by Kats, G. 2003). However, we are unaware that they “produce nearly half (48%) of all emission of greenhouse gases which is much higher than what emitted by vehicles (27%) and by the industrial sector (25%) “(The American Institute of Architects. 2006).

To explain how the greenhouse effect occurs inside the buildings, lets imagine them as giant glass cubes in which the sun’s rays penetrate throughout the day on the surface, which implies that the objects found within them will warm , an in so doing they “give back the heat in the form of radiation. As the temperature at which they heat up is relatively low, the radiation emitted has a long wavelength; this means they emit an infrared radiation, not visible. Over the years,  they will eventually give an equal amount of energy in the form of infrared absorbed in the form of sunlight, so their temperature  will tend to remain constant (although, of course, they will be warmer than if they were not exposed to direct action of the Sun) “. (Greenhouse effect, 2007). Thus the same thing happens in a greenhouse, where you can cultivate flowers and plants even though the outside temperature reaches lower degrees in temperature.

According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) the decade of 1998-2007 was the hottest of which has ever been documented. The global surface temperature for 2007 was estimated at 0.41 ° C/0.74 ° F over the annual average of 1961-1990: 14.00 ° C/57.20 ° F. (WMO. 2008. Quoted by Nodvin, S. 2008).

To counter this, a novel form of construction has been created, masterminded by a new generation of architects, designers and builders, who have expressed interest in creating a kind of architecture that is “friendly” with nature and sustainable over time, allowing the reduction of damage that conventional construction has done to the planet. This new form of construction is known as Green Building and is to “create healthier and more efficient, in terms of resource consumption, models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance and demolition. The elements of green construction are: the sources of energetic efficiency and renewable energy, water management, waste reduction, specifications and construction materials preferably organic”. (Taken from http://espanol.orangecountyfl.net/orangecty/enes/24/_www_orangecountyfl_net/cms/DEPT/growth/building/greenbldg.htm)

There is a perception that the construction of Green Buildings is much more expensive than conventional construction, and indeed this is true, however the long-term cost is significantly lower. Studies show that the amount of the construction of Green Buildings is substantially lower (2%) of what is expected and price increases are related to the costs of architectural and engineering that this type of construction requires. The sooner this type of practice of Green Building is included in construction; the increase of its costs will be less.  (The United States Green Building Council, 2002. Cited by Kats, G. 2003).

However, despite short term cost increases, Green Buildings provide long-term benefits that conventional ones do not offer, for example: lower utility costs in electricity and water, environmentally effective use of building materials, enhancing the health and productivity, long term economic return, reducing environmental impact, among others. (Environmental Services, 2008)

Colombia has within its Green Building the Chamber of Commerce’s green building in Bogota, built in Salitre City. This magnificent building has 28 thousand square meters distributed in two basements, three floors of public attention, five levels for staff and 500 parking spaces. It has electronic accessories that allow the entry of people arriving in wheelchairs or who have some type of disability that prevents them from entering by stairs. On the second floor is the convention hall, which has a capacity for a thousand people, and has the possibility of being sub-divided into eight rooms, each for one hundred users.

Another example of Green Building in Colombia is the Family Compensation Fund Compensate, located in northern Bogota: Stands out the use of glass on the facade and inside there is a mixture of aluminum and wood. The building has 16,579 square meters and one of its most important features is an “evaporative cooling system that allows natural air collection, and after an interior process the air reaches the top and leaves the building, so that the installation maintains a pleasant temperature that can range between 18 and 21 degrees Celsius (Metrocuadrado.com, 2006), and within the building the services offered are: “multiple stadium, gymnasium, aerobics room, spinning, gourmet salon, spa area, pool, Turkish bath, sauna, Jacuzzi, game rooms, library, computer room (Internet) , VIP lounge, cafeteria and auditorium of 150 square meters, designed as a space for Film Society, with projection equipment, and a retractable tier; and – Medical care: 50 doctors, vaccination, laboratory, dental, radiology, psychology, rehabilitation, nutrition, gynecology, diagnosis, prevention, surgery and medicine in general “(Metrocuadrado.com, 2006).

In Latin America Argentina presents a very interesting Green Building: the building Malecon Buenos Aires. This is an office building of 125,000 feet ² which was built on an abandoned industrial area (his garage was built on the foundations of a warehouse dating from the nineteenth century) in Puerto Madero, an area of redevelopment in Buenos Aires. The construction was made as a long strait block in order to minimize solar gain in the structure and terminations of east and west sides of whom are united. The broad north facade, the first to be exposed to the sun, is shaped to follow the path of the sun and has many deep screens with umbrellas that virtually eliminate sunlight during peak cooling months. The south facade, which reflects the geometry of the northern facade, is equipped with the same system of high-performance curtain of the other facades, minimizing the solar gain; open floor plants and high floors provide flexibility for multiple office tenants or future uses. (From http://www.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek02/tw0419/0419tw1cote.htm, May 2008)

In the U.S. this type of buildings have great technical and financial support from the public administrations; in Europe there are funding programs such as PAE (Fed-IDE), SAVE 3, Thermi &, among others, which in addition to providing aid, certify buildings that meet the exact standards so they are differentiated as Green Buildings, giving them green or eco-labels (LEEDS-Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, ISO 14001, EEA, among others).

Finally what is intended with this type of construction, grants and certifications is to reduce energy consumption and exploit natural resources, so as to achieve the prolongation of the service life of the planet and the reversal of the ecological phenomena as the greenhouse effect, among others.

“Lower than prime,” you heard someone say. Like most Canadians, you were probably first skeptical and then confused. We tend to think of the prime lending rate as the invisible “floor” of lending rates. The very best customers can get very close to that floor. It is theoretically possible, we reason, to actually be ON the floor, but not possible to be below it.

Nevertheless, Canadian lenders offer mortgages at prime minus 0.5% to even minus 0.7%. So the floor isn’t the lowest you can go. There’s something under the “floor”. The rate known as “prime” has been the popular benchmark for lending in Canada. When business reporters talk about interest rate movement, they usually talk about what’s happening with prime. But there are other benchmarks in money rates, though they are typically for use by professional money managers. The most significant of these is the Banker’s Acceptance rate.

While “prime” is a set rate which is offered to a lender’s best customers, the Banker’s Acceptance is the rate which financial institutions use to lend money to one another. And it’s typically well below the prime rate. Look for the “Money Rates”section of your favourite newspaper, and you can compare Prime with the Banker’s

Acceptance rates for yourself. “Interesting,” you think, “but why does it matter?” Well, as new lending institutions begin to offer a slate of innovative new loan options, a new mortgage has emerged that is based on the Banker’s Acceptance rate: offering a mortgage rate of 1% over the 3-month Banker’s Acceptance.

If you compared the rock-bottom prime-based variable mortgage rate – prime less 0.5% to 0.7% – with the new adjustable BA-based rate, you would find that the BA-based rate would have delivered significant savings over the past several years, as rates were dropping. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, the BA-based rates have historically been considerably lower than prime. Secondly, the prime rate tends to be “stickier” in an environment where rates are falling. Often, the more fluid, market-based BA rates deliver the rate change more quickly.

Any variable- or adjustable-rate Ontario mortgage is an excellent option when interest rates are either dropping or stable. Not surprisingly, they’ve been a very popular choice in the past few years. There are some rumblings now that rates may begin to increase, but flexible-rate mortgages still remain an excellent choice for those looking to save some interest.

As always, you should consult with a mortgage professional to find the mortgage that suits your personal financial needs. An independent mortgage broker can provide you with information on a broad range of mortgage options from a wide variety of lending institutions, so you can compare features and options at a glance.

And remember, it’s worth taking some time to look beyond prime and explore what’s “under the floor” in mortgage options!

In building your keyword list, you want to “get into your customer’s head”. Therefore, you have to approach building a list with a tool like Desktop Lightning as a long-term process. Do you want to find out how the affiliate marketer mentioned above, started building an email list and stopped losing money? This site consists of a landing page to collect email addresses, a package of products that teach about building an email list, and a few pages with articles I’ve written about building an email list.

Building a profitable opt-in list does not just happen overnight. Building a mailing list for your niche market is a painstaking and time consuming process. BUT, if you want to start building a list quickly, here’s one technique that works. Find one or two in the areas of Internet Marketing you need help with:  SEO, Mini Sites, Affiliate Marketing, List Building, Google Ad sense/Adwords, Copy Writing, etc.

You’ll save time and money by building a prioritized list of those reasons, understanding must-haves and trade-offs, and using that list to spec, evaluate, plan and build a VMS solution tailored to your business. Building a mail list manually is not easy, it can be done, but you have to work at it everyday, adding names – addresses – phone- numbers etc, it is a lot of hard work, and it was just a pain to keep up to date, and then if you wanted to do a promotion it meant preparing a sales letter, then getting it printed, stuffing the sales letter into envelopes, paying for the postage, phew, it was a huge amount of work.

Building a list gives you opportunities to sell to the same customers over and over again. Start building your optin email list in an area in which you have some knowledge. If you’re a smart article marketer, you don’t consider your list building and article marketing project complete until you have thanked key online editors, and invited them to discuss other marketing opportunities. 

Generating traffic, nor building an Opt-In list, nor is it finding products to market and it’s not a lack of Cash. JV Your List-Building: Small List – Ok, if your existing list isn’t large enough to warrant a cross JV mailing as described above, here’s a clever way to build your list up quickly. Your list is vital to building your business. The well known guru Mark Joyner has been known to sit back for7 to 9 months, building his list and cautiously targeting his audience, giving away freebies and bonuses. Consider the double opt–in method you are in the early stages of building your list or want to increase to your existing list. Not only does building a website give you the opportunity to build a list, set you apart from your competitors and allow you to offer more value to your visitors, but it also (and very importantly) gives you the option (which you should take advantage of – by the way) of marketing more than just one affiliate product/program. There are many nuances and very effective initiatives that could be added to this list, as well, but these provide a good starting point for building stronger results. When you click through to the webpage you will see that I am building a list.

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